Which theory includes hygiene factors and motivators in its framework?

The correct answer is Two-factor theory, which, developed by psychologist Frederick Herzberg, distinguishes between two types of factors that influence employee motivation and job satisfaction. Hygiene factors are elements that, if deficient, can lead to job dissatisfaction. These include aspects like salary, job security, and working conditions. However, their presence alone does not contribute to higher levels of motivation—instead, they merely prevent dissatisfaction.

Motivators, on the other hand, are factors that can enhance job satisfaction and lead to higher levels of motivation. These typically include achievements, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and opportunities for advancement. Herzberg's Two-factor theory suggests that to encourage higher performance, employers should ensure that hygiene factors are adequately addressed while also cultivating motivators that inspire and engage employees. This dual approach is what sets Two-factor theory apart from other motivational theories, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding workplace motivation.