What does cognitive theory focus on in terms of motivation?

Cognitive theory emphasizes the role of mental processes in understanding motivation. Specifically, it focuses on how individuals perceive, interpret, and think about their work and jobs. This approach considers the beliefs, values, and expectations that influence a person's motivation. For example, an employee's perception of their role, satisfaction derived from their contributions, and their cognitive evaluation of the work environment significantly impact their level of motivation and engagement.

In contrast to the other options, which center on behavioral aspects or external factors, cognitive theory digs deeper into the internal thought processes that drive motivation. Behavioral outcomes relate to observable actions, while external rewards and punishments focus on incentives and deterrents that can affect performance. Social relationships in the workplace, while important, pertain more to interpersonal dynamics rather than the cognitive evaluations that underlie motivation. Thus, the correct emphasis of cognitive theory on individual thought processes provides a richer understanding of what motivates people in their work.