According to Edgar Schein, what is considered an artifact in an organization?

In organizational culture, artifacts represent the tangible or visible elements that can be observed within a company. These artifacts are the physical manifestations of the organization’s culture and values. The correct answer, which identifies furniture and office layout, aligns perfectly with this definition.

The arrangement of office spaces, the style of furniture, and overall aesthetics are all tangible elements that communicate something about the organizational culture. For example, an open office layout may signify a culture that values collaboration and communication, while cubicles may reflect a more traditional or hierarchical structure.

Artifacts are crucial for understanding the underlying values and beliefs within an organization, as they are often the first elements noticed by outsiders observing the organization. By analyzing these visible aspects, one can infer deeper meanings related to the organization’s identity and operational principles.